Development of an Ethnomathematics Congklak Media to Reduce Math Anxiety Regarding the GCF and LCM in Fifth-Grade

Abstract

Mathematics anxiety is characterized by fear, worry, and tension when engaging with mathematical tasks. This study aimed to examine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of Ethnomathematics Congklak Media in reducing mathematics anxiety among fifth grade students learning Greatest Common Factor (GCF) and Least Common Multiple (LCM). The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model with 31 Grade VA students. Data were collected through expert validation, teacher and student response questionnaires, and pre-test and post-test mathematics anxiety questionnaires. Effectiveness was analyzed using the Normalized Gain (N-Gain) by comparing students’ pre-test and post-test mathematics anxiety scores. The media obtained high validity ratings from media experts (88.75%) and material experts (82.50%), while practicality ratings reached 90.97% from education experts and 79.72% from students. The mathematics anxiety questionnaire was valid and reliable, and the data met the normality assumption. The mean N-Gain score was −1.077, indicating a decrease in mathematics anxiety, with all 31 students showing negative N-Gain scores. The findings indicate that Ethnomathematics Congklak Media is valid, practical, and effective in reducing mathematics anxiety through concrete, contextual, and collaborative learning experiences.