Development of Interactive Multimedia-Based IPAS Learning Media to Improve Learning Outcomes and Critical Thinking Skills of Fifth Grade Elementary School Students

Abstract

This study aims to develop interactive multimedia–based IPAS learning media designed to enhance learning outcomes and critical thinking skills of fifth-grade elementary school students. The initiative responds to the demands of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and Society 5.0, which require technology-integrated learning, particularly for teaching abstract concepts such as food chain material. Using a Research and Development (R&D) approach, the study employed the ADDIE model. Analysis,  Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation—combined with Tessmer’s formative evaluation, including one-to-one, small-group, and field test stages. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and questionnaires involving experts, teachers, and students. The findings indicate that the developed multimedia meets the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness, as evidenced by expert validation results and positive user responses. Statistical testing also showed a significant improvement in student learning outcomes after using the media. Moreover, students’ critical thinking skills increased, particularly in identifying problems, analyzing information, drawing conclusions, and proposing solutions. Overall, the interactive multimedia–based IPAS learning media is feasible and effective as an innovative learning resource that supports meaningful and technology-oriented learning in elementary schools.