Analysis of Learning Motivation of Junior Hight School Students in Terms of the use of Digital Platforms in Online Learning

This study aims to analyze the level of motivation to learn science in terms of the use of platforms in online learning. The research was carried out at Junior Hight School (SMP) Negeri Singingi, Kuansing Regency, Indonesia for the 2021-2022 Academic Year. This research is quantitative descriptive. The type of data obtained consists of primary data and secondary data. The instrument used to measure the level of student learning motivation is using a questionnaire. This learning motivation questionnaire was prepared with reference to the aspect of learning motivation which consists of 8 aspects. The results of learning motivation on the concentration indicator get an average of 64.56% in the medium category, the curiosity indicator on average 64.83% in the medium category, the average spirit indicator 62.14% in the medium category, the average independence indicator at 70.25% in the high category, the average readiness indicator is 77.50% in the high category, the average enthusiasm and encouragement indicator is 64.68% in the medium category, the indicator of never giving up is on average 66.67% in the medium category, and the average confidence indicator is 79.18% in the high category. The results of the study concluded that the overall student learning motivation was categorized as good.


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The spread of Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) has a very strong impact on people's lives in the world, especially in the education sector. Changes to the education administration system were made to anticipate this situation, face-toface teaching and learning activities were stopped and replaced with online or online learning. Online learning is an online learning process that involves technology with the help of the internet network. This learning requires various technological devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops (Rigianti, 2020). This change in the learning process also occurred in public schools in Singingi District, Kuansing Regency, especially in Singingi District Public Junior High Schools. Since the Covid-19 Pandemic, SMP Negeri Singingi has implemented online science learning using various learning platforms such as whatsapp groups, zoom meetings, google classroom, and googlemeet.
This online science learning system certainly creates a different learning atmosphere from face-to-face learning which also affects students' learning motivation. Sari and Rusmin (2018) revealed that in face-to-face science learning the teacher can maintain a conducive classroom atmosphere to maintain student learning motivation, because the classroom climate has a significant influence on learning motivation. Maulah, et al. (2020) in their research shows that students' perceptions are less satisfied with online learning as a learning tool during the Covid-19 pandemic, because it depends on their ability and motivation to learn. Based on the results of interviews with Singingi State Junior High School teachers that in general during online science learning students' learning motivation decreases, only a few students really actively participate in learning, sometimes students take part in learning while watching television or even doing other homework, so students do not focus and did not follow the lesson well. Low learning motivation will have an impact on the learning process and learning outcomes. Juliya and Yusuf (2021) revealed that if students' learning motivation is disrupted, the learning process will not run well and will have an impact on student learning outcomes so that learning objectives are not achieved.
Based on various problems that arise during online science learning at Singingi District Junior High School, it is necessary to analyze students' learning motivation in science learning in terms of the use of digital platforms. The purpose of this study is to provide an objective description of the level of student learning motivation in learning during the Covid-19 pandemic so that it can be used as an evaluation in creating effective and efficient online learning.

Methodology
This research is a quantitative descriptive study, which produces data to describe the results of the analysis conducted on phenomena, events, social activities, and attitudes of individuals or groups. This type of research uses a survey method. Fitriyani et al., (2020) revealed that the use of survey research methods is very suitable to be used in expressing motivation in online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research was carried out at Singingi Junior High School, Kuansing Regency, for the 2021-2022 Academic Year. The type of data obtained consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data in the form of data obtained in research, while secondary data in the form of data obtained through previous studies that are used to support primary data.
The population in this study were students of class IX SMP Negeri in Singingi district. The number of public junior high schools in Singingi District is 7 junior high schools with a total of 299 students in class XI. Based on the population of class VIII SMP Negeri Singingi, the determination of the number of samples used the Yamane formula (Kriyantono, 2006) with the following calculation method. Thus, the sample in this study was 171 students. The selection of students used as samples in this population was carried out by systematic randomness. In detail the number of samples in each school is presented in Table 1. The instrument used to measure the level of students' learning motivation in terms of the use of digital platforms in science learning for students at Singingi District Junior High School is a questionnaire. This learning motivation questionnaire was compiled with reference to aspects of learning motivation according to Hamzah B. Uno, 2009 which consisted of: (1) Concentration, (2) Curiosity, (3) Spirit, (4) Independence, (5) Readiness, ( 6) enthusiasm or encouragement, (7) Never give up, and (8) Confidence. The number of statements given in this questionnaire is 24 positive statements. In detail, the student learning motivation questionnaire grid can be seen in Table 2. The assessment of the learning motivation questionnaire was carried out based on the provisions of the predetermined student questionnaire answer scores, which consisted of 5 categories with a score range of 1-5. Guidelines for scoring the learning motivation questionnaire can be seen in Table 3.  (Arikunto, 2012) The formula used in the analysis of the results of the questionnaire can be written as follows according to Ngalim Purwanto, (2010).

100%
Information : NP = Percent Value sought R = Raw score obtained SM = Maximum score The total score obtained is then interpreted to determine the level of student motivation in participating in the science learning process in terms of the use of digital platforms based on Table 4.

Results and Discussion
Testing the level of learning motivation was carried out using a motivational questionnaire given to students at the Singingi District Junior High School with a total sample of 171 students. The motivation questionnaire was given using a Google form. The results of the analysis of the level of motivation to learn science in SMP Negeri Singingi District. Overall the results of learning motivation can be seen in Figure 1.  show that most of them are in the moderate category, this proves that students still have concentration, curiosity, enthusiasm, enthusiasm and encouragement, never give up, which is sufficient in online learning while in independence, readiness, and trust. good self. Student learning motivation has an effect on learning success. This is in accordance with what was expressed by Emda (2018), that the learning process will achieve success if students have good learning motivation. The following is a description of the findings of the learning motivation of junior high school students in Singingi District for each measured learning motivation indicator.

Concentration
The results of the questionnaire given the average value of students' learning motivation results in Singingi District Junior High School on concentration indicators can be seen in Table 5.   Table 5 shows that the average score of students' motivation for learning at Singingi District Junior High School on the concentration indicator gets an average of 64.6 in the medium category. Overall this shows that in the learning process students still have a good concentration attitude. According to Aviana & Hidayah (2015) a high concentration of student learning will stimulate learning activities to become more qualified, students become more serious in learning, and students' understanding power becomes better. Learning concentration is a behavior and focus of students' attention to be able to pay attention in every implementation of learning and be able to understand every subject matter that has been given (Mayasari, 2017).

Curiosity
The results of the questionnaire given the average value of students' learning motivation results in Singingi District Junior High School on the curiosity indicator can be seen in Table 6.  Table 6 shows that the average learning motivation score of Singingi District Junior High School students on the Curiosity indicator gets an average of 64.4 medium categories. Overall, the questionnaire indicators get quite good results in the curiosity indicator. Online learning is often required to be more motivated in learning because the learning environment depends on motivation and characteristics related to curiosity and self-regulation to be involved in the learning process (Selvi, 2010). Curiosity can appear suddenly, can change focus easily, or end unexpectedly, but curiosity can still be a very strong motivation (Raharja et al., 2018).

Enthusiasm
The results of the questionnaire given the average value of students' learning motivation results in Singingi District Junior High School on the Spirit indicator can be seen in Table 7.  Table 7 shows that the average learning motivation score of Singingi District Junior High School students on the Spirit indicator gets an average of 62.1 in the medium category. Overall indicators of enthusiasm for student motivation are good, because students have enthusiasm before and when learning begins. Motivation can be realized with a high desire and enthusiasm for learning. Furthermore, Kusuma (2015) explains that motivation is very important in teaching and learning activities.

Independence
The results of the questionnaire given the average value of students' learning motivation results in Singingi District Junior High School on indicators of independence can be seen in Table 8.  Table 8 shows that the average learning motivation score of Singingi District Junior High School students on the Independence indicator gets an average of 70.3 in the high category. Overall, the independence of students in online learning is very good, this is because online learning makes students learn independently. Dabbah stated that one of the characteristics of students in online learning activities must have the skills to learn independently (Dwi et al., 2020). In accordance with the opinion of Hidayat et al, (2020) online learning, students can freely set their own learning strategies.

Readiness
The results of the questionnaire given the average value of students' learning motivation results in Singingi District Junior High School on the readiness indicator can be seen in Table 9.  Table 9 shows that the average learning motivation score of Singingi District Junior High School students on the Readiness indicator gets an average of 77.5 in the high category. Research conducted by Horzum, et al. (2015) found that academic motivation mediates the relationship between online learning readiness and learning experiences. Research conducted by Yilmaz (2017) states that online learning readiness is one of the predictors of the emergence of academic motivation in students.

Enthusiasm and Encouragement
The results of the questionnaire on the learning motivation of Singingi sub-district junior high school students on this indicator can be seen in Table 10.  Table 10 shows that the average learning motivation score of Singingi District Junior High School students on the Enthusiasm and Encouragement indicators gets an average of 64.7 in the medium category. The success of learning objectives depends on how enthusiastic the students are in participating in learning activities (Oktiani, 2017). Yustina (2020), increased motivation to learn due to the need and encouragement to be fulfilled.

Never Give Up
The results of the questionnaire given the average value of the results of learning motivation of SMP students in Singingi sub-district on the indicator of never giving up can be seen in Table 11.   (2014) explained that students who have a high level of toughness will have high motivation and learning achievement as well. According to Mohatashami, Tajari, & Rad (2015) learning resilience does have a positive effect on personal resilience, so students never give up in the face of difficulties.

Self-Confident
The results of the questionnaire given the average value of students' learning motivation results in Singingi District Junior High School on the Confidence indicator can be seen in Table 12.  Table 12 shows that the average learning motivation score of Singingi District Junior High School students on the Confidence indicator gets an average of 79.2 in the High category. The self-confidence that is formed is a manifestation of the various stages of learning in the form of learning experiences that have been passed. The experience gained makes students more confident in doing assignments and facing the learning process in class (Effendi, Mursilah, & Mujiono, 2018;Ibrahim & Suardiman, 2014).
Firman & Rahayu (2020) online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has flexibility in its implementation and is able to encourage the emergence of independent learning and motivate students to be more active in learning.

Conclusion
The level of motivation to learn science at SMP Negeri Singingi District in terms of the use of platforms in online learning is fairly good based on the results of the questionnaire given to students. It can be seen from the results of each indicator of learning motivation which gets the Medium to High category. The research was conducted using online learning, this resulted in research getting obstacles and problems, obstacles occurred due to the lack of internet access and an adequate network in the students' residences, so that researchers found it difficult to get the desired results quickly.